Excessive exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation can cause erythema, photoaging, and skin cancer.1,2 Sunscreens are widely used to reduce these risks, but questions remain about their effectiveness and safety. In 2021, the FDA proposed a rule that would require additional safety studies for some sunscreen active ingredients and mandate better UVA protection in sunscreen products.3
UVA and UVB — UV radiation is classified based on wavelength as UVB (290-320 nm), UVA2 (320-340 nm), and UVA1 (340-400 nm). UVA, which makes up 95% of...
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Onapgo (Supernus), a solution for continuous subcutaneous infusion containing the dopamine agonist apomorphine, has been approved by the FDA for treatment of motor fluctuations in adults with advanced Parkinson's disease (PD). Subcutaneously injected apomorphine (Apokyn, and generics) has been available for intermittent use for years.1 Vyalev, a foscarbidopa/foslevodopa solution for subcutaneous infusion, was approved in 2024 for the same indication.2
ADVANCED PD ― The combination of levodopa and carbidopa is the most effective treatment for the motor symptoms of PD.1 For the first 2-5 years of treatment, the combination produces a consistent response lasting 5-6 hours, but as PD progresses, the duration of benefit from each dose becomes shorter (wearing-off effect) and fluctuations between mobility and immobility develop (on-off effect). After 5-8 years, the …